How to write a philosophy essay
Long Essay Writing
Thursday, August 27, 2020
Love and Hate Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words
Love and Hate - Research Paper Example At long last an end is given about the paper. Theory Statement: In this exposition, a connection among ââ¬ËLoveââ¬â¢ and ââ¬ËHateââ¬â¢ is stressed. An unmistakable editorial is given in the kindness of the presence of connection among Love and Hate. Accounts of ââ¬ËThe Stormââ¬â¢ by Kate Chopin, ââ¬ËEvelineââ¬â¢ by James Joyce, ââ¬ËArabyââ¬â¢ by James Joyce and ââ¬ËThe Cask of Amontilladoââ¬â¢ by Edgar Allan Poe are additionally talked about as references to demonstrate the presence of connection among Love and Hate. There are various convictions about ââ¬ËLove and hateââ¬â¢. Individuals consider these two passionate languages as indicated by the appearances of their own personalities. In this way, in this position it tends to be said that the individual implications of Love and Hate may contrast from individual to individual. Similarly, the connection between these two extraordinary feelings may shift as per the conditions. It has been seen that there is a connection among ââ¬ËLove and Hateââ¬â¢, despite the fact that they appear to be in opposition to one another. It has been seen that practically all the Love stories have immense number of harmonies and they very clone. To demonstrate this, there are numerous things which are should have been thought about. Numerous journalists and artists have composed heaps of pieces about ââ¬ËLove and Hateââ¬â¢. Spot light should be put on concentrates of those journalists and artists. Strict implications of ââ¬ËLoveââ¬â¢ and ââ¬ËHateââ¬â¢ in isolation must be regarded. ... t can be seen that, all things considered, also ââ¬ËLoveââ¬â¢ scopes to the skirt of extraordinary force and the sweethearts, regularly called as adoration winged animals don't appear to think about this power. The genuine encounters may likewise demonstrate the strict importance of ââ¬ËLoveââ¬â¢. Presently, in the event that we see the exacting importance of ââ¬ËHateââ¬â¢, at that point it implies that ââ¬Ëan exceptional and solid repugnance or threatening vibe, which is ordinarily gotten from outrage, feeling of injury or fearââ¬â¢ (Webster). Thus as ââ¬ËLoveââ¬â¢ can be confirm from the various instances of handy life, ââ¬ËHateââ¬â¢ can likewise be demonstrated to be giving a similar importance in the reality, as the writing clarifies. An individual detests some other individual on the off chance that the person is having some feeling of injury or dread from other individual. This can likewise be called as a passionate pain since this dread/feel ing of injury makes the ââ¬ËLoveââ¬â¢ dissipate noticeable all around. Evidently it appears that ââ¬ËLoveââ¬â¢ and ââ¬ËHateââ¬â¢ don't have any relationship with one another. Be that as it may, a profound idea is should have been provided so as to break the shell and think other route round. An ambiguous thought regarding ââ¬ËLoveââ¬â¢ and ââ¬ËHateââ¬â¢ is probably not going to turn into a wellspring of conviction to demonstrate that ââ¬ËLoveââ¬â¢ and ââ¬ËHateââ¬â¢ are vital to one another. There are numerous basic things among ââ¬ËLoveââ¬â¢ and ââ¬ËHateââ¬â¢. The most widely recognized thing is that both are extraordinary and outrageous sentiments which cause a vigorous passionate bond and cause a forceful enthusiastic excitement. Both are identified with impalpable sentiments of feelings. At the point when we take a gander at the connection between the ââ¬ËLoveââ¬â¢ and ââ¬ËHateââ¬â¢, in the viewpoint/setting of sci ence, at that point researchers additionally concoct a thought that ââ¬ËHateââ¬â¢ and ââ¬ËLoveââ¬â¢ have a slight line in the mind. (Correspondent). As indicated by the researcher enthusiasm of despise is equivalent enthusiasm to the sentiments of
Saturday, August 22, 2020
minority and ethnic relations essays
minority and ethnic relations expositions I don't get our meaning by the social development of character? Any endeavor to analyze the enduring of the blacks and Jews would appear to probably be felled by the influxes of harmful examinations. That is on the grounds that any such correlation is probably going to be seen, anyway at a slant, as an undertaking to respond to the inquiry: which gathering has endured more-blacks or Jews? Characteristically, this inquiry could be seen to address the purpose of not who endured more, yet for what reason did they endure? This can be replied according to the social development of character. The Jews and Blacks personalities were socially distinguished and viewed by others as not having a place with the lion's share bunch during that chronicled period. So I'm not catching our meaning when we talk about the social development of personality? The idea of personality has consistently been obscured yet lately, the investigation of character has been enormously improved by multifaceted examinations ever, human science, human sciences and brain science. The key purpose of flight for much conversation is this present reality perception that patriot, territorial, racial and ethnic mobilisations are happening all around and unavoidably (Cohen, 1994). In any case, simultaneously, inside national, racial or provincial units of ID, there are different sorts of groupings that are composed frequently on the social tomahawks old enough, sexual orientation, class, religion, race or inability that structure their own character. These too are asserting rights or points of interest for the sake of their specific social association. Before we can start to comprehend the social developments of personality we have to dissect how and why these characters come to be absorbed in our general public? In spite of the fact that personality development may happen in any piece of a general public through social change and condition and of human translation and activity, it must be noticed that social development happens unexpectedly upon the circumstance wherein the gatherings get themselves: the setting ... <!
Friday, August 21, 2020
How to Write Research Papers That Students Love
How to Write Research Papers That Students LoveYou are a fresher in any course, and your teachers might have suggested that you begin writing a few search essay topics. Although, they do suggest different topic for you to choose from, as there are thousands of possible subjects. Do not be discouraged by the number of topics given to you - a short outline is enough for you to have the necessary knowledge to write an essay. It is really important for you to keep in mind that the topic or question should be highly important to you, to make your topic interesting.So how do you go about choosing a topic that has real interest? There are certain things that you should remember when you are writing your search essay topic. If you fail to follow these suggestions, you will not have the satisfaction of knowing that you have written a good research paper.The first thing that you should do when selecting an actual topic is to base it on the type of course you are going to take. This way, you wi ll be able to avoid confusing your topic with the other topic chosen by your teacher. Do not waste your time on something that you do not understand, and certainly do not write something irrelevant to the subject that you have chosen.Do not just randomly start writing your research paper. First, think of topics that will catch the attention of your classmates. In addition, ask them if they know of any topics, and let them give you some ideas. Then, get these topics written down, and see what it takes to come up with one.The topic that you choose should have relevance to the subject you are writing. You should try to stay away from your own opinions when writing a research paper, as this might make your assignment impossible to complete. Your topic should be based on the material you are going to talk about in your assignment.Moreover, it would be great if your topic would be something that you can actually relate to. By having this, you will be able to make your topic more interesti ng, and will have the ability to make the topic interesting to read.Most students think that doing a topic for their own research paper is very difficult, but actually, this is the best approach to a topic that is based on facts. In fact, there are many students who feel the same as you, who cannot even decide what topic to choose for themselves. Writing the essay does not really need to be done based on your own interest, it just needs to be done based on facts.Now that you know that you have to write search essay topics, the best thing that you can do is to look for some research papers. There are many essay topics that you can use to start a new topic, and you can choose from these topics to start with. All you need to do is to pick up a few topics that interest you, and start writing the essay.
Monday, May 25, 2020
Sexual Relations Between A Person And An Animal - 1551 Words
Bestiality is defined as sexual relations between a person and an animal; : sodomy. Having sex with animals was originally linked to people living in rural areas where they were around livestock, and there may have been fewer women. In todayââ¬â¢s world it has become something else, and that is, people who actually prefer to have sex with animals over human beings. It has been reported that Bestiality involves roughly 8 percent of men, and 4 percent of women . In 1948, Wardell Pomeroy and Clyde Martin, Sexual Behavior in the Human Male (W. B. Saunders) wrote that 50% of the population of America mostly young male farmers, claimed to have had sexual contact with various species of animals (Saunders, Year ). Today people actually haveâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Bestiality is about human and animal, are the animals victimless . There is no certain age or population that this addiction serves more of than the other. These are some of the different demographic categories of zoophiles found through websites: white, black, Asian, Mormon, Amish, Catholic, atheist, pagan, Jewish, male, and female, and those who are legally blind . Zoophileââ¬â¢s say this is not a fetish, it is the life-style of one who has a loving, and a sexual fondness for animals. Those who engage in sexual intercourse with animals practice what is called beast sex, which is a fondness towards animals in an intimate and loving way (love and sexual attraction to animals ). Bestiality was first introduced into the field of human sexuality research in 1886 . Since the 1990ââ¬â¢s bestiality has been considered an alternative sexual orientation, (cited by Miletski, 1999). The population of bestiality compare themselves to the GLBT LBGTQ population, because they feel they are subject to the same retributions as homosexuality. They feel they have the right to their own sexual orientation, and hope to find an open-minded ally in the gay rights movement to support that, and become part of the bestiality rights movement . Some say human-animal relationships are unequal relationships, ; some view this as taking advantage of minor boys or girls. Animals like
Friday, May 15, 2020
Disability Is Not Inability - 3972 Words
ââ¬Å"DISABILTY IS NOT INABILITY.â⬠DISCUSS THIS CLAIM IN RELATION TO LEARNERS WITH SPECIAL NEEDS. INTRODUCTION Today, there are many learners with a whole range of special needs that may set them apart from the majority of students in a classroom. These learners may have physically handicapping conditions ââ¬â such as visual, hearing, orthopedic and speech problems; learning disabilities- based on slow progress in basic skills and language-related areas; emotional disabilities or even circumstantial disabilities that would make their behavior in a classroom special interest to you as a teacher. The surprising fact about these learners today, is that, regardless of their disabilities, their special needs or even discriminations at some points,â⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Karen learned to walk with crutches, write, and use her arms and legs. She developed into a fairly happy teen and adult who has been living independently and working for decades. As explained in Marie Killileas book Karen and the sequel With Love From Karen, the Killilea family chose to raise Karen at home instead with as normal a life as possible, and proved that children with cerebral palsy can live normal lives and need not be mentally impaired. SENSORY DISABILITIES Speech handicapped This category includes individuals who have common speech problems such as faulty articulation (the inability to produce sounds correctly) or less common problems, such as stuttering and cleft palate. Tiger Woods - Tiger Woods (born Eldrick Tiger Woods, December 30, 1975) is an American professional golfer whose achievements to date rank him among the most successful golfers of all time. Tiger Woods had stuttering problems at childhood but he got past it through hard work and practice. He admitted doing everything possible to conquer his speech disorder including talking to his dog until he would fall asleep. He did have a lot of help from his family, especially his mother. He then became one of the most successful golfers the world has ever known. Blind and partially sighted The blind, as defined for purposes of education, are those individuals with eyesight so poor that visual reading methodsShow MoreRelatedMotor Characteristics of Those With Significant Disabilities Essay examples821 Words à |à 4 Pages Motor Characteristics of those with Significant Disabilities Individuals with significant disabilities often possess common motor characteristics related to the deficiencies they have. Whether chronic or acute, these health issues have a significant impact on the livelihood of the individual. When relating to and teaching those with significant disabilities, it is important to understand the motorical characteristics and the impact those characteristics have on an individualRead MoreChildren With Disabilities : Right Vs Wrong1105 Words à |à 5 PagesTierra West Children with Disabilities: Right Vs Wrong Tennessee State University ââ¬Æ' Proposed research Topic- Children with disabilities and their education: Right Vs Wrong Research Question-Should children with learning disabilities be allowed in classrooms or should they have their own class with professionally trained special needs teachers Introduction It was stated that not everyone including teachers and students are excited about disabled students being in the mainstream classroom. TheRead MoreAssistive Technology Solutions For Students With Learning Disabilities769 Words à |à 4 PagesAssistive Technology Solutions Technological advances have increased access to the curriculum for students with learning disabilities. Assistive technology are the devices and services used to maintain or improve the capabilities of a student with a disability (Dell, Newton, Petroff, 2011). Through these technologies, students with learning disabilities are able to complete tasks in the classroom that they were otherwise, unable to achieve. Prior to the availability of assistive technology, aRead MoreWorking with Students who have Learning Disabilities Essay examples1481 Words à |à 6 PagesWorking with Students who have Learning Disabilities Over the past 10 years, there has been a dramatic increase in the number of students who have been diagnosed with learning disabilities. I need to be aware of how to help those students who have learning disabilities and teach to the best of my ability. I also need to be supportive and understand not every student learns in the same way which is why it is important for me to be flexible in my own style of instruction. I need to be knowledgeableRead MoreEssay about Lack of Vision in Carvers Cathedral1266 Words à |à 6 PagesCathedral reads, This blind man, an old friend of my wifeââ¬â¢s, he was on his way to spend the night (1052). Clearly, the narrator cannot see past Robertââ¬â¢s disability; he dismisses him in the same way a white racist might dismiss a black person. In reality, any prejudiceââ¬âbe it based on gender, race, or disabilityââ¬âinvolves a personââ¬â¢s inability to look past a superficial quality. People who judge a person based on such a characteris tic are only seeing the particular aspect of the person that makesRead MoreDefinition Of Vocabulary Terms After Reading1676 Words à |à 7 PagesStudent Name: Gloria Grade Level: 3 Disability Category: Learning Disability Present Level of Performance: English /Language Arts Gloria can suggest important vocabulary terms after reading. Gloria can reflect on her thoughts and edit her ideas of key concepts from reading. Gloria can read 2nd grade passage, with oral reading at 80 words per minute. Gloria cannot fluently read words containing consonant blends and digraphs, which keep Gloria from reading fluently at a 3rd grade level. Access toRead MoreEthical Behavior Can Be Defined As Business Principals Essay1178 Words à |à 5 Pagesagainst sex, a violation of Title VII Civil Rights Act. (Silverman, 2014) PDA also states ââ¬Å"employers must treat women affected by pregnancy the same for all employment-related purposes as other persons not so affected but similar in their ability or inability to work (Young v. United Parcel Service , 2014, p. 2)â⬠. United Parcel Service, Inc. (UPS) was established in 1907 as a private messenger and delivery service located in Seattle, Washington. (United Parcel Service, Inc.) Today, UPS is worldwide knownRead MoreDisability Impact Essay876 Words à |à 4 PagesImpact of organizations on people with disability In 1972 Coordinating Councils for the Disabled were set up in the four fundamental focuses, Auckland, Christchurch, Dunedin and Wellington. As the name proposes, the main reason of these boards was to facilitate the reactions of the different gatherings of and for crippled individuals on issues, for example, training and get to. In 1978 they combined to turned into become the New Zealand Coordinating Council for the Disabled (NZCD) and were beforeRead MorePhysical Disability And Physical Disabilities1191 Words à |à 5 Pagesindividuals with physical disabilities require more specific nursing care, whether it is in a hospital setting or out in the community. According to the Physical Disability Council of North West Sydney (2009), physical disability pertains to total or partial loss of a personââ¬â¢s bodily functions (ex. walking, gross motor skills, bladder control etc.) and total or partial loss of a part of the body (ex. an amputation). John Hopkins University states, â⬠Å"physical disabilities result from congenital conditionsRead MoreAutism Spectrum Disorder And Autism Essay1393 Words à |à 6 PagesAutism is a neurological disorder with many forms and severities, better known as autism spectrum disorder, that begins early in childhood and lasts throughout the individualââ¬â¢s life. Autism spectrum disorder is defined as developmental disabilities that can cause significant social, communication, and behavioral challenges (CDC). Previously, autism was recognized in distinct groups and types. Now, autism is referred to as a spectrum because there is an overlap among all the different forms of autism
Wednesday, May 6, 2020
Unequal City Race, Schools, And Perceptions Of Injustice...
The topic of inequality is usually one that holds different meanings for people of various backgrounds. Within the last couple of years, the news has been flooded with stories relating to racial inequality amongst minorities on college campuses and racial discrimination via the police force. On November 20th, 2015, an article released by NPR suggests that these emerging adults have been more aware of injustice because of the schools they attended during their adolescence. In this article, Carla Sheddââ¬âan assistant professor of Sociology and African-American studies at Columbia Universityââ¬âwas interviewed for her book Unequal City: Race, Schools, and Perceptions of Injustice. The article argues that Sheddââ¬â¢s book suggests schools may be more powerful engines of adolescentsââ¬â¢ place in society than their neighborhoods. The study the article presents follows four students from 2001 to 2011 at four Chicago public schools. The students were between 14-17 years of age and two of the four schools were largely segregated. Specifically, one had no white or Asian students. The other two were diverse ââ¬Å"by Chicago standardsâ⬠with one school having a population of one-third white or Asian students and the other with a population with more than half. The results of the study can be seen as it follows two kids whose pseudonyms are Alex and TB. Alex, who has a racially mixed group of friends is contrasted to TB who does not. While shopping at the mall, Alexââ¬â¢s three black friends were pulled outShow MoreRelatedThe Controversial Supreme Court Case Of Brown V. Board Of Education Essay2371 Words à |à 10 PagesThroughout the history of America issues around race have brought great debate and augments. Being a nation birthed from ideals of freedom and undeniable human rights, America has failed in being truthful to its founding. The treatment of African-American is an atrocity that stains the history of our nationââ¬â¢s past. Steps have been made to heal the injustice, but they are just steps. In this essay, I will be discussing school desegregation focusing on the landmark and controversial Supreme Court caseRead MoreInequality: Pretense or Presence? Essay2055 Words à |à 9 Pages I believe both of these perceptions to be flawed, and I will work to address both race and gender inequality as true social problems, what aspects of society work to influence their presence, and what policies are being proposed to solve them. To begin, it has long been felt, lately, that race has become an issue of the past. That the abolition of slavery and the induction of civil rights laws working to try and protect the livelihoods of all people, regardless of race and ethnicity, have all butRead MoreIssues Of Modern Society s Racial Discrimination1918 Words à |à 8 PagesDiscrimination Is the societyââ¬â¢s draconian attendance towards the people of distinguishable race a fair measure of precaution or an act of discrimination? In the society we live in today, the enactment of racial bias has made a monumental impact, shaping many individuals lives by default. However, is it fair for the innocent individuals to be shrouded with the burden of being a particular ââ¬Ëraceââ¬â¢? After witnessing, the incident of Ferguson, I became dreadfully discontented to discovered thatRead MoreThe Frivolity of Phil1873 Words à |à 8 Pagesstatus. Moreover, the popularity of the show placed the family and all of its views and opinions upon the world stage. Like any popular star, comments, opinions, suppositions, and the like become a matter of public debate and often shape public perceptions and opinions about that individual; their moral compass is ever-linked to their comments. This has been precisely the case behind recent opinions and inferences made by Phil Robe rtson about how Blacks felt about the Jim Crow era which began shortlyRead MoreBlack Gold Using the Theoretic Works of W.E.B Du Bois2119 Words à |à 9 Pagesconsumers: who produces the coffee, and how does the coffee we drink directly affect the livelihood of those farmers who grow it? The documentary highlights the poverty that plagues Ethiopian coffee farmers by contrasting the impoverished African cities with the wealth of the western countries that control the market in order to gain the highest profit from their commodity. This essay will seek to analyze the racial and economic implications of the documentary using the theoretical works of sociologistRead MoreWhen Did Racism Begin? Essay3222 Words à |à 13 Pagescreate a social issue that was already resolved earlier in time. One of the ongoing social issues is racism. Racism is a huge social problem because it has always been a big problem and itââ¬â¢s hard to fix because race is something visual that never changes. Hum ans donââ¬â¢t like differences and race is an enormous difference. When humans divided and formed their own groupsââ¬â¢ racism began to unfold. People tend to stick with what they know and be patriotic, territorial, or prideful. When humans find a differenceRead MoreModernization And Neoliberalism : Economic Status And Growth1841 Words à |à 8 Pagesother means of subsistence for itself. This, in turn, perpetuates an unequal distribution of power between countries as it renders the trade-specialized nation (which also tends to be the one most considered ââ¬Ëunderdevelopedââ¬â¢) at the mercy of the buyer. Aside from the inherent flaws of such a practice, the idea that underdevelopment can be equated to internal failure suggests not only a certain level of complacency, but also of injustice. It assumes that there is an easy fix to the issues faced by a countryRead MoreDefining My Own Personal Identity1903 Words à |à 8 PagesYou shape oneââ¬â¢s identity through different important roles, which have a strong factor in oneââ¬â¢s life such as culture. Culture identity is often defined as the feeling of belonging to a group, which is part of a personââ¬â¢s self-conception and self-perception. It is both inherited and constantly evolving. It also refers to the traditions, customs, and practices that affect a person. I believe defining my own personal identity can take a lifetime and to complicate matters, my identity changes throughoutRead MoreMulticultural Pedagogy in Higher Education3583 Words à |à 15 Pagesabout whether they could effectively teach students of color, how they were perceived by students of color, and also regarding unequal expectations of performance from students of color. These are all strikingly harsh concerns but signify the starting point from which many teachers must begin in their self-critiquing process. By finding that some instructors viewed ââ¬Å"inner city students of color as passive recipients of white teachersââ¬â¢ good willâ⬠(p. 664) or that they ââ¬Å"didnââ¬â ¢t expect them to do much becauseRead MoreThe New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration of the Racial Undercaste3337 Words à |à 14 PagesDrugs, announced by President Ronald Reagan. This declaration was surprising because at the time, most Americans were hardly, if not at all, concerned about drug problems in their communities. Instead, President Reagan had created a tool in which race in the US could be controlled, specifically through a transition from traditional policing to military style policing. But this was not the only change in policing during this time. The Reagan administration, and following it, the Clinton administration
Tuesday, May 5, 2020
Communication and Negotiation Skills for PATCO â⬠Free Sample
Question: Discuss about the Communication and Negotiation Skills for PATCO. Answer: Explaining did the union use fair and ethical negotiation tactics? The Professional Air Traffic Controllers Organization (PATCO) was a Trade Union of United States that functioned from 1968 until its decertification in the year 1981, subsequent an illegitimate strike that was broken down by the then Reagan government. However, as per the viewpoint shared by the labor historian, Joseph A. McCartin, the 1981 strike as well as the conquer of PATCO was no doubt one of the major significant actions in the late 20th century, in the manual labor history of United States. History says that on 3rd August, 1981, the Union acknowledged a clout in demand of better functioning condition, enhanced payment and 32 hours work week. Apart from these, PATCO required to be properly disqualified from the civil service sections that it had long not accepted (Azzouz and Nandi 2013). For doing this particularly, they desecrated 5 U.S.C., 118 p that forbids any kinds of strikes by the national government recruits. Standing at that point of time, Ronald Reagan announced the PATCO strike as the peril to national safety. Besides declaring this, he ordered the union to work under the terms and conditions of Taft-Hartley Act of 1947. However, it was seen that only 1300 of the almost 13,000 regulators arrived to their work following the order of Ronald Reagan (Sebeok and Umiker-Sebeok 2013). A declaration from Rose Garden of White House stated that all the employees at the time of oath declare that they would never participate in any smack against the Government of the United States or any organization. Remembering this oath, he ordered the remaining workers to return their job within 48 hours. He added that if they do not return to their job, their jobs would be forfeited (Bargiela-Chiappini, Nickerson and Planken 2013). At this situation, Transportation Secretary, Drew Lewis prearranged for the immediate substitutes as well as started emergency tactics. Through prioritizing and cutting air travels harshly as well as taking on techniques of air traffic administration that once PATCO porched for, the administration originally able to have 50% of the obtainable flights. After 48 hours almost, when the remaining workers of PATCO refused to go back to their work, Ronald Reagan fired all the 11, 345 arresting air traffic regulators who had ignore his order. Apart from that, he at the same time banned them from federal services for their entire life (Thorson and Moore 2013). Standing at the point of situation, FAA was assigned the task to hire as well as train enough air traffic controllers in order to replace those that had been fired. It was no doubt one of the major problems for FAA to replace this huge number of employees. It took almost three years in usual circumstances to coach the employees. FAA at the initial level claimed that staffing levels would be re-established in two years, but in reality, it took approximately ten years before the general recruitment levels arrived to the standard phase (Chaney and Martin 2012). However, it can be stated that the most significant and extremely contentious, domestic proposal was the dismissal of the air traffic regulators on 5th August, 1981. The leader raised the commandment that arresting the administration human resources forfeits their jobs, acts that disconcerted those who mockingly supposed no leader would ever support that rule. However, President Rogan Reagan succeeded and his act gave credence to the lawful right of private managers, previously not completely practiced in order to utilize their own carefulness to both employ and release human resources. In this part, it can be stated that the negotiation tactics were not justified at all. All the employees do have the right to form the Union and convey their opinions, problems or any other job related issue through this union to higher authority (Controllers et al. 2015). No president is supposed to fire this huge number of employees because they called a strike. Both the parties could have negotiated and come to a mutual point, where both of their interests were valued. However, the reality was no so, as Reagan fired all the remaining employees within 48 hours of the strike. Before this incident, the Union Leader representative, Robert Poli spent several months attempting to negotiate a new labor management contract with FAA. However, FAA was interested at all to listen to the interests and demands of PATCO and thus they had to call a strike (Den Hartog et al. 2013). Explaining whether responses of the government to the strike is fair and appropriate or not Reports say that on August 5, 1981, President Ronald Reagan started sacking 11359 air traffic regulators who were on strike and did not obey the order of Ronald Reagan. The executive act, observed as tremendous by many, considerably unhurried the air travel for several months. All the air traffic controllers complained of highly difficult working condition as well as lack of gratitude of pressures they face. Across the region, almost 7000 flights were cancelled and the president called this strike illegal. Apart from that, he announced and threatened to fire ant of the air traffic regulators who had not returned to employment within 48 hours. Robert Poli was found in disdain by a federal moderator and prearranged to pay $1000 a day in fines (Dozier, Grunig and Grunig, 2013). On 5th August, 1981, the annoyed President Ronald Reagan carried out his risk and immediately the administration started sacking the 11359 air traffic controllers who had not returned to employment. Additionally, Reagan acknowledged the life time ban for all these employees on the rehiring of the strikes by Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). On 17th August, FAA started accommodating submissions for the air-traffic regulators. After this incident, FAA on 22nd October decertified PATCO. Goal of the strike was to get an enhancement of $10,000 a year for the regulators, a condensed 32 hours four-day workweek as well as a improved reimbursement package for the sequestration. From these points, it is clearly understood that none of these demands are over in nature and the US government could have handled the situation in some other ways (Grunig 2013). Being the president, he has the right to handle any kinds of strikes, but declaring lifetime forbid on the rehiring of the strikes by FAA was no doubt one of the harsh steps. It has been found that the representative of PATCO went for negotiation several times, but the result was not satisfactory. None of the interests of the employees was considered and this made them take the path of strike (Ulmer, Sellnow and Seeger 2013). Therefore, it can be stated that PATCO strike had become one of the essential events in roughly everyone understands of enormous rearrangement of class power in the United States in the previous few decades. History says that Alan Greenspan demonstrated the 1981 obliteration of the Professional Air Traffic Controllers Organization as perhaps most important of all Reagans domestic accomplishments (Guffey and Loewy 2012). Hamilton (2013) in his research work stated that Ronald Reagan not only altered his management through this step, but also formed the globe of contemporary place of work. More than any other employment disputes, Reagans disagreement with Professional Air Traffic Controllers Organization destabilized the negotiating power of American employees as well as their labor unions. This incident significantly polarized political viewpoints in ways that put off people from addressing the origin of the monetary tribulations (Williams and Nussbaum 2013). This was the long-lasting stagnation of the profits in spite of increasing commercial profits and efficiency of the workers. However, it is required to mention that US law, as the air traffic regulators were the human resources of the national supervision and they were not allowed to call for any strikes officially permitted Reagans dealings. In terms of instance, however, the actions of Reagan were unsympathetic enough (Knapp, Hall and Horgan, 2013). Identifying who was at fault in the negotiation breakdown and the reason behind the reason History says that Robert Poli, the Union Leader Representative of Professional Air Traffic Controllers Organization had spent several months hoping to negotiate a new labor management contract with Federal Aviation Authority or FAA in the United States. The far-reaching crowd sacking of these central employees sluggish profitable air travel, but it did not cripple the systems, as the persons on strike had predict. After analyzing the entire situation more clearly, it can be said that both the parties were responsible to some extent for this incident. If focus is shed on the workers under Professional Air Traffic Controllers Organization, it can be seen that they hunted an across-the-board yearly remuneration increase of $10,000 for the regulators, whose pay varied from $20,462 to $49,229 per year. On behalf of the employees, Robert Poli as well wanted a lessening of their five day, 40 hour work week to a four day, 32 hour work week. In response to this situation, the Federal Aviation Authority or FAA made a $40 million counteroffer, far small of the $770 million package that the union required (Lax and Sebenius 2013). However, Reagan identified this beat as against the law and threatened to fire any controller who botched to return to work within 48 hours after his warning. Not only have that, Federal courted levied fines of $1 million per day next to the union. However, it is necessary to mention that Regan confirmed a life span forbid on the rehiring of these strikers by the Federal Aviation Authority or FAA and this was too harsh. Declaring the strike illegal is justified to some extent, as the employees or the air traffic controllers of Federal Aviation Authority or FAA take oath not to engage in any sort of political action against the government. In this case, a clear negotiation breakdown was observed and both the parties were responsible for that (Lee and Gu 2013). However, many social analysts have identified the employees as faultier and on the other hand; some accuse Ronald Reagan for this major domestic violence. Both these parties are responsible from different point of view and thus it is tough enough to identify one as the reason of this negotiation breakdown. The responsible management moved so quickly in order to use some other tools at its disposal. At that point of time, criminal charges were prepared for bringing the cases against the union leaders. On the other hand to this situation, court processing started to force the strikers back to their work. Meanwhile, the funds of the Union were confiscated by the court order. The Union was instructed to shell out a fine for each day associates kept on strike. At the same time, FBI agents composed a clear list of the strikers, so that they can take the actions properly. The responsible administrator as well filed a appeal asking for declaration of the union (Lolli 2013). Until sufficient substitutes for the fired human resources could be employed and educated, the FAA sustained to replace air traffic regulators with the non-striking regulators, administrators and the military controllers. In this part, it is required to mention that although the striking air traffic controllers unsuccessful to accomplish their targeted objectives and lost their jobs in the overall process, PATCO president Robert Poli later argued two wins for the union (McCartin 2014). Suggesting some alternative actions by PATCO and Government After discussing this situation, I have understood that there could have been some other procedures and tactics to deal with this situation. Lack of communication and negotiation skills have been noticed in this case and lead the situation to the drastic level. There was lack of effective communication, as the oath taken by the air traffic controllers failed to build employee morale and reduce grievances. Mujtaba (2013) has stated that effective communication assists employees to understand expectations of the employment and creates commitment and loyalty. On the other hand to effective communication, ineffective communication leads to the damaged work relationships. At the same time, it decreases trust between the employer and the employees. After going through the situation, it can be stated that there were lack of efficient communication between the members of PATCO and FAA and this gave birth to one of the major labor movements in the U.S. history. Perhaps many social researchers have over simplified the legacy of the 1981 strike by 13,000 members of the Professional Air Traffic Controllers Organization (Ng and Tan 2013). Perhaps the American Labor Movement was already in declining state and the ramifications of the President Ronald Reagans move to replace those striking employees only exacerbated that decline. However, when I look back into the details of this event that have several opinions, led to the crippling of the American Labor movement, as well as the loss of the American Manufacturing base, I all the time consider the PATCO strike as the defining moment. When the air traffic controllers went on strike in 1981, they were striving to get shorter work weeks and higher pay (Schor et al. 2016). There was a law in place that forbids the union of the public employees from striking. It was belief of that time that the economy of that country would not be able to withstand the loss of the commercial flights and that their strikers would be brief as well as successful. I have understood that aftermath of this strike had forever changed the situation of the organized labor situation in America. This a t the same time changed and titled the playing fields to favor management in union negotiations (Perloff 2013). If focus is shed on d distributive and integrative bargaining, then it can be seen that the 1981 Air Traffic Controllers Strike was a distributive negotiation. The reason behind this situation is that distributive bargaining ends up in a win-lose situation, where some parties at some point of advantages win and the other party lose out. Here, the air traffic controllers under the Union lost their turn and the US President Ronald Reagan won. Another reason to consider this incident as distributive bargaining procedure is that distributive bargaining is highly competitive in nature and considers each party as the competitor (Reagan fires 2016). In this case, Representative of PATCO went to FAA several times for negotiation and bargaining, however, FAA was not at all ready to consider the interests of the workers. The conflict resolution procedure could have been in some other ways, where the interests of both the parties were kept. However, there some faults in conflict resolution that gave birth of this drastic situation in the labor union history throughout the globe (Rosemann and vom Brocke 2015). As per my viewpoint, the government could have been less hard towards the employees, as the employees have the right to speak up against the government, if they feel that their interests are not taken care of properly. On the other hand to the government, it can be stated that the Labors Union, i.e. PATCO could have asked for some other requirements. They could have asked for 36 hours workweek instead of 40. However, it is required to mention here that there were communication gap between both the parties and thus the situation was worst. References Azzouz, E. and Nandi, A., 2013.Automatic modulation recognition of communication signals. Springer Science Business Media. Bargiela-Chiappini, F., Nickerson, C. and Planken, B., 2013. What is Business Discourse?. InBusiness Discourse(pp. 3-44). Palgrave Macmillan UK. Chaney, L.H. and Martin, J.S., 2012.Intercultural business communication. Prentice Hall. Controllers, R., Controllers, R., House, V., Winston Churchill Steps Down, C. and 1964 Race Riots Hit Rochester, N. (2015).Reagan Starts Firing Air Traffic Controllers. [online] New Historian. Available at: https://www.newhistorian.com/reagan-starts-firing-air-traffic-controllers/4497/ [Accessed 13 Aug. 2016]. Den Hartog, D.N., Boon, C., Verburg, R.M. and Croon, M.A., 2013. HRM, communication, satisfaction, and perceived performance a cross-level test.Journal of Management,39(6), pp.1637-1665. Dozier, D.M., Grunig, L.A. and Grunig, J.E., 2013.Manager's guide to excellence in public relations and communication management. Routledge. Grunig, J.E., 2013.Excellence in public relations and communication management. Routledge. Guffey, M.E. and Loewy, D., 2012.Essentials of business communication. Cengage Learning. Hamilton, C., 2013.Communicating for results: A guide for business and the professions. 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Schor, E., Shepard, S., Glueck, K., Samuelsohn, D., Gerstein, J., Glass, A., Lima, C., Dovere, E., Everett, B., Faler, B., O'Donnell, K., Debenedetti, G., Gold, H., Vogel, K., Behsudi, A., Karni, A., McCaskill, N., McCaskill, N., McCaskill, N., Wheaton, S., Gold, H., McCaskill, N. and Emma, C. (2016).Reagan fires 11,000 striking air traffic controllers Aug. 5, 1981. [online] POLITICO. Available at: https://www.politico.com/story/2008/08/reagan-fires-11-000-striking-air-traffic-controllers-aug-5-1981-012292 [Accessed 13 Aug. 2016]. Sebeok, T.A. and Umiker-Sebeok, J., 2013.Speaking of apes: A critical anthology of two-way communication with man(Vol. 172). Springer Science Business Media. Thorson, E., and Moore, J. 2013.Integrated communication: Synergy of persuasive voices. Psychology Press. Ulmer, R.R., Sellnow, T.L. and Seeger, M.W., 2013.Effective crisis communication: Moving from crisis to opportunity. Sage Publications. 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