Wilfred Owens Anthem For Doomed Youth Essays - Dulce Et Decorum Est

Wilfred Owen's Anthem For Doomed Youth Notes for students Anthem for doomed Youth 1 Anthem - perhaps best known in the expression The National Anthem; also, an important religious song (often expressing joy); here, perhaps, a solemn song of celebration 2 passing-bells - a bell tolled after someone's death to announce the death to the world 3 patter out - rapidly speak 4 orisons - prayers, here funeral prayers 5 mockeries - ceremonies which are insults. Here Owen seems to be suggesting that the Christian religion, with its loving God, can have nothing to do with the deaths of so many thousands of men 6 demented - raving mad 7 bugles - a bugle is played at military funerals (sounding the last post) 8 shires - English counties and countryside from which so many of the soldiers came 9 candles - church candles, or the candles lit in the room where a body lies in a coffin 10 pallor - paleness 11 dusk has a symbolic significance here 12 drawing-down of blinds - normally a preparation for night, but also, here, the tradition of drawing the blinds in a room where a dead person lies, as a sign to the world and as a mark of respect. The coming of night is like the drawing down of blinds. 1 DULCE ET DECORUM EST - the first words of a Latin saying (taken from an ode by Horace). The words were widely understood and often quoted at the start of the First World War. They mean It is sweet and right. The full saying ends the poem: Dulce et decorum est pro patria mori - it is sweet and right to die for your country. In other words, it is a wonderful and great honour to fight and die for your country 2 rockets which were sent up to burn with a brilliant glare to light up men and other targets in the area between the front lines (See illustration, page 118 of Out in the Dark.) 3 a camp away from the front line where exhausted soldiers might rest for a few days, or longer 4 the noise made by the shells rushing through the air 5 outpaced, the soldiers have struggled beyond the reach of these shells which are now falling behind them as they struggle away from the scene of battle 6 Five-Nines - 5.9 calibre explosive shells 7 poison gas. From the symptoms it would appear to be chlorine or phosgene gas. The filling of the lungs with fluid had the same effects as when a person drowned 8 the early name for gas masks 9 a white chalky substance which can burn live tissue 10 the glass in the eyepieces of the gas masks 11 Owen probably meant flickering out like a candle or gurgling like water draining down a gutter, referring to the sounds in the throat of the choking man, or it might be a sound partly like stuttering and partly like gurgling 12 normally the regurgitated grass that cows chew; here a similar looking material was issuing from the soldier's mouth 13 high zest - idealistic enthusiasm, keenly believing in the rightness of the idea 14 keen Disabled 'He sat in a wheeled chair, waiting for dark' (L.1) The immediate appearance of 'dark', 'grey' , and 'shivered' sets up the isolation of the wounded soldier. It strikes a strong comparison to the warmth of the second stanza. Return to poem 3.'used to swing so gay' (L.7) The next few lines mirror the tone of such poems as 'The Ruin', an Old English poem, in which the poet (anonymous) looks on a ruined building, now frost-bitten and decrepit, imagining the sound and warmth that once rang through its walls. Return to poem 4.'glow-lamps' and 'girls glanced' (L.8 & L9) Both are linked effectively by the use of alliteration. Return to poem 5.'before he threw away his knees' (L.10) The implication that this was a needless loss (sacrifice) is reinforced by Ll.23-4 where the wounded soldier fails to remember why he joined up, pointing only to a distant sense of duty, and euphoria after the football match. Fussell notes that: 'Owen's favourite sensuous device is the formula 'his - ', with the blank usually filled with a part of the body.' (p. 292). Return to poem 6.'Now he will never feel again how slim/Girls' waists are' (L.11 & L.12) Showing not only the physical loss of his

The Principles of Animalism Essays

The Principles of Animalism Essays The Principles of Animalism Paper The Principles of Animalism Paper Essay Topic: Literature The Principles of Animalism are the set of principles devised by Old Major in Animal Farm that all the animals are expected to live up to and follow. These include complete equality among the animals, and a rejection of human ways. During the tale, we see these principles progressively subverted by the pigs for their own agenda, which is to assume complete control of Animal Farm, while encouraging the other animals to believe that the equality still exists. Squealer, as the propagandist on behalf of the pigs, and the sheep and dogs as groups utilised by Napoleon to advance his ause, are used by the pigs to destroy Old Majors idealism. Squealer is used by Napoleon as a spin-doctor, to manipulate the truth and deceive the other creatures. We can see an example of this when the pigs start to subvert the principle of equality, and decide to keep the apples and milk to themselves. Obviously this arouses the animals because they are just about clever enough to see that this is not fair, and that the pigs are being greedy. However, Squealer is sent by the pigs to quell any unrest that might be brewing: Comrades! he cried. You do not imagine, I hope, that we pigs are oing this in a spirit of selfishness and privilege? Of course, this is exactly what the animals think, but when they are confronted in such a straightforward manner, with such a reproving tone behind the question, they cannot really reply, which gives Squealer the chance to begin his lies, which the animals believe just because they can acknowledge the fact that the pigs are cleverer than themselves. This use of a rhetorical question is Squealers main technique against the animals, as this type of question hides a threat of disapproval if answered, and so makes answer impossible: It was almost unbelievable, said Squealer, that any animal could be so stupid. Surely, he cried indignantly, whisking his tail and skipping from side to side, surely they knew their beloved Leader, Comrade Napoleon, better than that? Once he has thus silenced the animals, Squealer, can go on to say anything that he wishes to persuade them that everything is fine. Squealer will also support his rhetorical questions with a statement to make the animals feel guilty and shamed for ever doubting the pigs motives. Not only do they then drop their arguments, but they will take up a different train of thought ntirely: It is for your sake that we drink that milk and eat those apples. Now, as well as not being able to continue arguing, the animals will also have the new sense of gratification towards the pigs for their protection, thus making them less likely to argue in the future. Squealer is extremely clever, and so can exploit any of the animals weaknesses. One of these is their fear of the return of Jones who for them symbolises all the oppression that they were under in the past. By threatening the return of Jones, Squealer can make the animals more passive in their attitudes because in their minds Jones is the ultimate symbol of oppression and fear: surely there is no one among you who wants to see Jones come back? Now if there was one thing that the animals were completely certain of, it was that they did not want Jones back. Looking at their situation in such a light, the animals can romanticise that whatever is happening in their lives now, it cant be as bad as when they had no equality under Jones: But they were happy in their work; they grudged no effort or sacrifice, well aware that everything that they did was for the benefit of themselves False logic and facts are techniques that Squealer can use when talking to support what he is saying, but only because the animals are not educated. For example, he uses facts from subjects that they would clearly know nothing about because they cannot read. The animals have acknowledged the pigs intelligence over them, so they are prone to believe that the pigs know what they are talking about when in fact they do not, but are bluffing: Milk and apples (this has been proved by Science, comrades) contain substances absolutely necessary to the well-being of a pig. We pigs are brain-workers. Of course the animals have no basis or education to argue with Science, and so now in their minds, The importance of keeping the pigs in good health was all too obvious. The false logic that Squealer uses is often preposterous to the reader, as we can see where it breaks down and becomes sheer nonsense: A too rigid equality in rations, Squealer explained, would have been contrary to the principles of Animalism. However the animals are not able to make the same judgement because they have not developed completely logical thought yet. Often they need time to be able to gather heir thoughts, which Squealer does not give them by making his speeches long and conclusive. What makes Squealer such a good propagandist is his ability to control the animals thoughts by what he is saying. Nervous little skips from side to side, giving the appearance of anxiousness, is part of his act when he wants the animals to sense importance. In a way he acts as a bridge between the pigs and the animals, as he is pretending to be on their own level, while really just acting. He can make them believe this by calling them Comrades. He instils the trust in them, and then can xploit their belief in his truthfulness: Reading out the figures in a shrill, rapid voice, he proved to them in detail The animals believed every word of it. Whatever else is happening, and no matter how much the other pigs are distancing themselves, the animals will always trust Squealer to be giving them honest information. Napoleon uses the sheep to cause confusion and disrupt the animals train of thought. This is centred around their ability to be taught something and then repeat it for as long as desired. Because of a complete lack of intelligence on their part, they do ot actually have their own opinions on any matter, and even to teach them simple phrases takes its time. They are very useful though in quashing any signs of rebellion on the part of the animals, because they simply do not allow anyone to have any form of say by the sheer amount of noise they create: Frightened though they were, some of the animals might possibly have protested, but at this moment the sheep set up their usual bleating of Four legs good, two legs bad, which put an end to the discussion. The use of the sheep is here timed to perfection so that the animals have no way of rotesting against what the pigs are doing. This routine is thoroughly well planned by Napoleon so that he can do whatever he wishes without having to use Squealer or force (or in fact when he cant use Squealer, as when the pigs begin to walk on their hind legs- because they are now acting above the animals, Squealer is no longer a bridge). The sheep use simple slogans such as Four legs good, two legs bad, which are easy to remember and can be repeated over and over ad infinitum. In this way they usurp the animals right to free speech by denying them the opportunity to speak out. The timing of their bleating is co-ordinated by the pigs via secret signals and therefore disguised as coincidence. It was noticed that they were especially liable to break into Four legs good, two legs bad at the crucial moments in Snowballs speeches. The animals never realise that the pigs are controlling the sheep, it seems to them like chance whether the sheep will start bleating or not. They become accustomed to the sheep breaking in to calm any tensions: Then, as usual, the sheep broke into Four legs good, two legs bad! and the momentary awkwardness was smoothed over. This is the reason that the sheep are so successful in disruption; the animals are not aware that their timing has been orchestrated, and so do not realise that they will start their bleating at crucial moments. If they did they might be able to keep their key arguments in mind and then take up the issue at anothe r time. The other group of animals without any opinion is the dogs, who were taken away at birth by Napoleon to be secretly trained to respond to his command. They are very vicious, and seen by the other animals as being creatures who are completely nknown and alien. They quickly become the enforcement of order by brutal means, often killing, and so the animals quickly become afraid of them just as they are of humans. They attend the pigs wherever they go and prevent any form of argument with the threat of violence: But suddenly the dogs sitting round Napoleon let out deep, menacing growls, and the pigs fell silent and sat down again. Here the animals with the most chance of formulating an effective protest, some young pigs, are stopped in their protests at not being able to debate the running of the arm any more (the removal of free will from the animals) by the threat of force from the dogs. These same pigs are later targeted when the dogs serve a new purpose in executing animals who are apparently traitors to Animal Farm. The dogs influence quickly grows until they are on a par with the pigs in terms of importance and stature: Once again all rations were reduced, except those of the pigs and dogs. The dogs are needed in full health by Napoleon so that they can be a guarding escort for the important pigs, but they are more than that because they are Napoleons ersonal protection elite as well, and so hold more weight than a normal guard force would. They also start to help supervise the running of the farm, highlighting their difference to the other animals (they are not just being used): The dogs saw to it that these orders were carried out. The dogs are shown to be devoid of any personality, which contributes to the animals fear of them as it enforces their alien nature; they are thoughtless beings that exhibit no signs of compassion. When they kill, the animals are firstly horrified, but come to realise that they are easily capable of such things, and so a threat. Napoleon uses the dogs as a threatening force, a protection service and to get rid of potential troublemakers. These troublemakers are dispatched with intention, however there are also random killings that cause the animals much fear and distress. These random executions that begin are just a way of making all the animals live in fear of stepping out of line and of the dogs (their ruthlessness in killing their own kind is shocking to the animals). This fear means that they never dare to do anything other than go along with the pigs, because they know it will probably result in death for eing a traitor. All in all, the pigs use many methods with which to subvert the principles of Animalism. The use of fear is key to controlling the animals, and is used by both the dogs and Squealer, but in different ways; Squealer uses words to scare the animals into submission, while the dogs actually hold a force which they demonstrate regularly. Another method is that which is employed by the sheep, which is on the whole very different, yet very effective. By means of creating noise in the form of a repeated slogan, the sheep confuse the animals thoughts, and remove the opportunity or debate or argument. All of this goes towards making the animals passive in preparation for the final subversion of Animalism; the final great shift where the pigs make the transition from the animal to the human, the very same force that the animals strived to defeat and against whom they gained their independance in the first place (this shift meaning that all that the animals have done is worth nothing, as they are back where they started, perhaps with even less, as now they have no hope with which to console themselves; everything has been removed form them).

SAM 450 UNIT 8 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

SAM 450 UNIT 8 - Assignment Example However, there are certain fundamental elements of corporate sponsorships that are worth noting. These include advertising and sponsored property. In this regard, whereas the sponsor agrees to sponsor an athlete or sporting club, the sponsor also benefits through television adverts, which are aired during the programme breaks. Accordingly, it becomes clear that corporate sponsorship aims to create a mutual benefit between the sponsor and the sponsored. However, before entering into a sponsorship agreement, there are certain fundamental considerations that an athlete or a sporting club and the sponsor should take into consideration. Firstly, both parties must ensure that the sponsorship agreement being entered into will create mutual benefit (Stier, 2011). In this case, the sponsored party must ensure that the sponsor is worth the money. Similarly, the sponsor must also ensure that the athlete or the sporting club to be sponsored can attract large audience viewing to enable its product brand reach many people. Secondly, the parties to the sponsorship agreements must ensure that they all the terms of engagements, including the sponsorship duration, circumstances that might result into termination of the agreements and renewal terms. Thirdly, it is critical for the parties to sponsorship agreements to agree on the sponsorship fees before entering into a written agreement. Lastly, the parties to the sponsorship agreement should ensure that the obligations of both the athlete or sporting club and the sponsor are clearly defined and documented to minimize chances of

Theory paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Theory paper - Essay Example The cultural and historical development that influenced the development of the theory was Freud’s theory of psychosexual stages (Heffner, 2015). Whereas Freud analyzed human developmental stages through the prism of sexual orientation and social behavior drives, Erickson analyzed the crisis at each stage. That is not to imply that psychosocial theory was developed because Erikson disagreed with Freud’s approach, but that he perceived human developmental stages through a distinct prism that speaks volumes about each stage. The society was trying to find out factors influencing human behaviors during that time. Many psychologists attempted to provide answers to the wide array of unanswered questions. Therefore, it may be seen that psychosocial theory was found in response to shed more light on the role of nature and nurture in human development. For a long time the two concepts had not been addressed elaborately. Whereas Freud’s theory observes the perceived normal path, Erikson’s theory ventures deeply into analyzing non-conformity to the expected normal adjustment. In psychosocial theory, Erikson’s infancy stage takes place from the time a child is born until the child is one and half years. That is the stage when a child progressively learns how to walk. During this stage, the child faces a psychosocial stage called trust versus mistrust (Berk, 2013). During this stage, a child will trust people depending on how well they handle him/her. The child will allow some people to carry him/her during this stage but cry when others attempt to handle him/her. The crying is usually a rejection. The next stage, autonomy versus shame (1-3 years) is marked with confidence or fear. A child that has been nurtured well has a high self-esteem whereas some children may show shame when socializing in the public. At ages 3-6, a child goes

Case Study Alim Leung Essay Example for Free

Case Study Alim Leung Essay 1. The terms of the psychological contract at the Atchison Corporation under the leadership of Jerome Atchison are of quality, integrity, and loyalty. Jerome Atchinson expects his employees to produce quality work and create a good environment to work in. Jerome Atchinson also expects his employees to uphold and maintain high integrity; even senior management could be discharged in cases of moral crime or dishonesty). Loyalty is the largest aspect of the psychological contract. Employees stay with the company for many years, if not their entire career. Managers are viewed in high regards and are rewarded the longer they remain with this company. In return, Jerome provides a family-orientated relationship with his employees, in which he protects and takes care of his employees, taking personal interests in the affairs of his employees. Everybody is an equal and an employee’s value is in the quality and dedication to his work 2. I expect that there will be changes to this contract under the leadership of Prince Millman. I believe that innovation and creativity will become more important over quality and loyalty. It will be about what the employee can create rather than how he she created. The employee is Millman will expect his employees to continually strive to be better and compete with other companies. Instead of more of an ‘equality† approach similar to Atchinson’s contract, Millman values competition among others. Employees may be rewarded for their ideas and change what they bring to the company while seniority and loyalty to the brand are not as heavy of a=values.

The Human Foot and Ankle Essay -- Biology, Bones, Joints

Introduction The human foot and ankle are composed of 26 bones, 33 joints, and more than a hundred muscles, tendons and ligaments. These components work together to provide the body with support, balance and mobility. The foot acts as a â€Å"rigid lever and mobile adapter† (Amstrong [Prosthetic feet], 2010). The human foot must be capable of withstanding the body’s weight and functions as a shock absorber (Swierzewski, 2007; NYU, 1990). The prosthetic foot needs to be capable of mimicking the missing natural foot, to make for the most efficient gait pattern. When due to disease, accident or developmental malformation a natural foot is absent a prosthetic foot is used to mimic the missing limb in an attempt to create the most efficient gait pattern. The prosthetist must choose from numerous types of prosthetic feet, depending upon the patient’s physical condition and life-style needs (Swierzewski, 2007). Gait Cycle The human gait cycle is comprised of multiple sequential steps. It begins with the heel of the foot contacting the ground and ends when that same foot contacts the ground again (Perry, 1992). The period of the gait cycle that the foot is on the ground is called the stance phase. The period when the foot is in the air is called the swing phase. The phases of the gait cycle are initial contact (IC), loading response (LR), mid-stance (MSt), terminal stance (TSt), pre-swing (PSw), initial swing (ISw), mid-swing (MSw) and terminal swing (TSw). There are three primary functions of the gait cycle, which are weight acceptance, single limb support, and limb advancement. Weight acceptance occurs during initial contact and loading response. During these phases, the limb is stabilized to prevent falling and the foot fun... ...activities. The main disadvantage of this foot is that it costs more than other feet, and can only be used by patients at the K3 level or above (Lusardi & Nielsen, 2007). Manufactures There are several different manufactures of prosthetic feet such as Ossur, Ottobock, Ohio Willow Wood, and SPS. Most companies specialize in adult feet though there are some manufactures such as Ossur that have a special pediatric line. On the companies’ websites, feet are organized based on K level and further categorized based upon male or female. Prosthetic feet come in different lengths in centimeters and left or right. They also are grouped by weight of the patient that can safely use the foot. Some feet come in different skin colors and others have a space between the big toe and second toe to accommodate the user who wants to wear flip-flops or shoes with toe straps.

Cecil Rice Export

CECIL RICE EXPORT REPORT This report will focus on Cecil Rice Export and its aim is to develop more organized system which enhanced the productivity of each hour and for each three days. We discussed and calculated below the three questions. 1. In the Cecil Rice Export, to determine whether the process is in control or out of control we should use x-Charts and R-Charts. X-Charts are usually used when we know standard deviation of the sample. We calculate the upper and lower control limits based on that data.For this data, we assumed the standard deviation as 3 and we found the upper and lower limits for each day’s shifts. According to Monday Shift 1, the lower limit is 69. 23 hence the numbers that are below 69. 23, are becoming out of control. And the upper limit is 71. 91, so the numbers which are above 71. 91, become out of control due to assignable causes and not natural causes. In addition, Tuesday Shift 1, the lower limit is 68. 54, thus the numbers which are below 68. 5 4, are out of control. The upper limit is 71. 22 and the numbers that are above 71. 2, become out of control. Finally, those processes which we calculated as upper and lower limits should be under control. In R-Charts, the important part is the upper and lower control limits and the specific mean. We calculated the upper and lower control limits for each day of shifts according to n is equal to four. For instance, for Monday Shift 2, the upper control limit is 4879 pounds and the lower control limit is 4865 pounds. 2. We developed control charts for each shift three days. For Monday shifts from 00:00 to 08:00 the upper control limit is 71. 1 and the lower control limit is 69. 23. From 08:00 to 16:00, the upper control limit is 71. 30 and the lower control limit is 68. 25. And from 16:00 to 00:00 the upper limit is 71. 45 and the lower limit is 68. 77. According to our calculations, the best shift on Monday is from 08:00 to 16:00. In addition, for Tuesday shifts from 00:00 to 08:00 t he upper control limit is 71. 22 and the lower control limit is 68. 54. From 08:00 to 16:00, the upper control limit is 71. 24 and the lower control limit is 68. 55.From 16:00 to 00:00, the upper control limit is 71. 05 and 68. 37. The best shift in terms of productivity is from 16:00 to 00:00. Finally, for Wednesday the best shift is from 16:00 to 00:00. Because the customers expect the bags that are closest to the specific mean 70. For R- Charts, we assumed mean as 70 and found the upper and lower control limits for each days. For Monday shift, from 08:00 to 16:00, it seems more profitable when we considered with the other shifts on Monday. The upper and lower control limits are 4879 and 4865 pounds.Furthermore, for Tuesday, as same as Monday shift, from 08:00 to 16:00 is more suitable than other shifts for customers. We calculated the upper and lower control limits as 4942 and 4900 pounds. For the last shift, the best and more productive hours are from 16:00 to 00:00 and the uppe r and lower limits are found as 4977 and 4900 pounds. 3. Each shift in each day, the productivity hours change according to the personals and seniors. In order to increase output levels and shorten the lead times for customer, we mixed all shifts in each three days.By using the pooled chart where we calculated the upper and lower control limits for each days and each charts. Then, we took the average of UCLs and LCLs for each day for x-Charts. For instance, on Monday the average UCL is 71. 55 and LCL is 68. 87. Finally, we calculated the average of D3s and D4s for each shifts on each days. And we multiplied the D3s and D4s with the specific mean 70. Lastly, we found UCLs and LCLs for R- Charts for each day. For example, on Tuesday, UCL and LCL were calculated as 4975 and 4907 pounds. These numbers are our control limits.